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E. coli outbreak linked to animal exhibit raises concerns in Tennessee

Food Safety News - Sat, 03/16/2024 - 00:05

A report has been released in relation to an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infections in Tennessee, with health authorities linking the cases to attendance at an animal exhibit. The outbreak, which occurred between September and October 2023, has raised concerns about the safety measures in place at such events.

The Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) Northeast Regional Office was first alerted to the outbreak on Oct. 3, 2023, following reports of two STEC cases. A total of nine patients were identified, with seven requiring hospitalization and four developing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a severe complication of STEC infections that can lead to kidney failure.

Of particular concern is the fact that eight out of the nine confirmed cases were children between the ages of 1 and 7 years old. All cases of HUS occurred in children aged 1 to 6 years old, highlighting the vulnerability of young attendees at such events.

The outbreak investigation, conducted in collaboration with local health departments, revealed that a significant number of cases were directly linked to attendance at the animal exhibit or were among household contacts of those who attended. Whole genome sequencing patterns further supported a common exposure to STEC O157:H7 among the affected individuals.

About the animal exhibit
The animal exhibit featured various species including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits, a pony and poultry. Approximately 2,300 elementary school students primarily from kindergarten and second grade attended the event, where they were allowed to touch animals. Food, including pizza and milk, was served separately from the animal exhibit.

Despite the presence of temporary handwashing stations and hand sanitizer, the extent to which hand hygiene was supervised remains unclear. An analysis of reported handwashing and animal contact revealed that while handwashing appeared to decrease the risk of infection, direct animal contact increased it.

Health department officials undertook epidemiologic, environmental and laboratory investigations to identify the source of the STEC exposure. Recommendations were subsequently issued to enhance safety measures at similar events, including improved hand hygiene practices, better integration of handwashing facilities, and education about the risks associated with animal contact.

In response to the outbreak, TDH collaborated with local authorities to disseminate information to parents, healthcare providers, and event organizers. Preventive measures and recommendations were shared to mitigate the risk of future outbreaks associated with animal exhibits.

Past outbreaks
This outbreak of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) serves as a grim reminder of the potential health risks associated with interacting closely with farm animals. Recent petting zoo incidents at Lucky Ladd Farms in Tennessee, Georges Mill Farm in Virginia, and the San Diego County Fair in California and others have highlighted the dangers posed by direct contact with animals harboring E. coli bacteria. Despite efforts by health departments and fair organizers to implement control measures and promote hygiene practices, such as handwashing after animal contact, these outbreaks continue to result in serious illnesses and, tragically, even fatalities. The incidents underscore the need for ongoing vigilance and proactive measures to minimize the risk of E. coli transmission in settings where people interact with animals, particularly in petting zoos and similar attractions.

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FSA and FSS call for action to tackle vet shortage

Food Safety News - Fri, 03/15/2024 - 12:01

Two food agencies in the United Kingdom have voiced their concern about the lack of vets and the potential impact on the meat sector.

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) urged the government and the veterinary profession to develop a sustainable approach to the UK’s vet capacity and capability.

FSS and FSA Official Veterinarians (OV) and Meat Hygiene Inspectors help to inspect every animal and carcass in abattoirs. OVs inspect animals before and after slaughter to identify diseases or conditions that could affect public or animal health.

Giving evidence to the Environment Food and Rural Affairs Committee (EFRA), Emily Miles, FSA chief executive, said there was an urgent need to address the lack of vets. 

The EFRA Committee examined whether the shortage of veterinary professionals had increased since 2018, when there was an 11 percent gap in the workforce.

A precarious current situation

After the session, Miles said: “The FSA’s ability to deliver OV-led inspections in abattoirs is under sustained pressure because of vet workforce shortages, putting at risk the high consumer trust we have in meat and animal welfare standards here.

“We rely on vets from overseas to do critical public health and animal welfare work in abattoirs, with very few UK-trained vets currently interested in doing this work. That is why the FSA asked for legislative reform, financial backing, a supportive immigration policy, and a systematic strategy to deliver rewarding and sustainable veterinary careers.”

In written evidence to the committee, the FSA said that if it cannot fully deliver official controls due to a lack of OV workforce, many meat plants wouldn’t be able to operate. This could present several risks, such as unsafe meat being placed on the market via other routes, reduced international trade in meat products, welfare issues for animals unable to move to slaughter, and a financial impact on companies through loss of earnings.

The FSA said current legislation is “out of date” and holding the sector back from having a more agile and modern workforce. After the EU exit, EU vets need to meet specific criteria around the English language and obtain a work visa.

Mitigating actions have been positive and delivered a more stable workforce. However, without long-term sustainable change to the system, the ability to protect animal health and welfare, food safety, and underpin international trade will remain precarious, said FSA.

FSA outsources its requirement for OVs, and a retender process is underway. The agency looked at direct employment but put these plans on hold due to issues including cost.

Scottish position

In written evidence to the committee, Food Standards Scotland said several issues, many as a consequence of EU exit, significantly adversely impact vet recruitment.

The agency said the ongoing staffing challenges, RCVS registration requirements, effects of the UK Government’s new immigration policy, and anticipated resource impacts from introducing a 35-hour week across the Scottish Government means the challenging situation can reach critical levels.

FSS has operated an in-house OV delivery model since September 2019. A recent hiring campaign seeking five OVs has so far only secured one trainee.

Throughout 2023, FSS had to backfill existing vacancies with temporary OVs supplied through the APHA veterinary agency framework at a higher cost to meet minimum requirements. A contingency plan designed for use in times of acute staff shortage ran almost continuously last year.

Geoff Ogle, Food Standards Scotland chief executive, said resourcing challenges contribute to difficulties and delays in recruiting sufficient OVs.

“Our OVs play a key role in securing high standards of animal welfare and ensuring meat produced by abattoirs or processing plants is handled safely and is in line with relevant food law,” he said.

“To put into context just how much we rely on overseas nationals for this important role, out of around 30 OVs employed by FSS, there is only one part-time UK national official within the team. As a result, supporting the meat industry and ensuring consumer protection means overseas recruitment remains vital in securing adequate staffing.”

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Enoki mushrooms recalled in Canada over Listeria contamination and consumer complaint

Food Safety News - Fri, 03/15/2024 - 10:15

Kam Ding Investment Ltd. is recalling K-Fresh brand Enoki Mushroom because of possible Listeria monocytogenes contamination.

According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), this recall was triggered by a consumer complaint.

The recalled products were distributed in British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec and possibly other provinces and territories in Canada.

Recalled product:

BrandProductSizeUPCCodesK-FreshEnoki Mushroom200 g4 892742 010234SN : 240102

As of the posting of this recall, there have been no reported illnesses associated with the consumption of this product.

Consumers should not consume, serve, use, sell or distribute recalled products. Recalled products should be thrown out or returned to the location where they were purchased.

About Listeria infections
Food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes may not look or smell spoiled but can still cause severe and sometimes life-threatening infections. Anyone who has eaten any recalled product and developed symptoms of Listeria infection should seek medical treatment and tell their doctors about possible Listeria exposure.

Also, anyone who has eaten recalled products should monitor themselves for symptoms during the coming weeks because it can take up to 70 days after exposure to Listeria for symptoms of listeriosis to develop. 

Symptoms of Listeria infection can include vomiting, nausea, persistent fever, muscle aches, severe headache, and neck stiffness. Specific laboratory tests are required to diagnose Listeria infections, which can mimic other illnesses. 

Pregnant women, the elderly, young children, and people such as cancer patients who have weakened immune systems are particularly at risk of serious illnesses, life-threatening infections, and other complications. Although infected pregnant women may experience only mild, flu-like symptoms, their infections can lead to premature delivery, infection of the newborn, or even stillbirth.

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Letter from the Editor: Food safety’s budget

Food Safety News - Fri, 03/15/2024 - 00:05

Until Food Safety News Managing Editor Coral Beach called me recently to talk about the relationship between the FDA’s budget and that of the entire federal government, it had been a while since I had considered the subject.

If I remember correctly, an old General Accounting Office (GAO) report said that 15 federal agencies are involved in food safety.  FDA, CDC, and USDA are among the best known, but others have niche roles.

In a perfect world, it would be possible to collect the food safety expenditures of all those agencies to keep track of it. Budgets are essential because budgets are policy.

When the Executive Office of Management and Budget (OMB) recently came out with the President’s request for fiscal year 2025, Congress was still slogging through deadlines for potential government shutdowns because the FY 2024 budget remained unfinished business.

At a minimum, monitoring the federal budget requires keeping track of the historical, the current moving target, and future requests in mind.  However, what’s far more confusing is how the federal budgets are presented.

Before I go further, I need to call out The Alliance for a Stronger FDA for its budget analysis and timely speakers on these issues. The Alliance has provided me with a document that even I can understand.

From it, I’ve learned that the FDA’s food safety budget is $1.186 billion this year and that the President has put it in for a $61 million FY 2025 increase, which would take it to $1.247 billion.

Interestingly, that’s also in the neighborhood for USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). A billion here and a billion there, and it starts to add up for food safety.

But nothing about this is easy. Federal budget documents seem to get away with showing dollar increases over broad areas of spending.  You often scratched your head and wondered, “If Hank did it this way.”

Someday, I want to provide our readers with the total budgets of all those federal agencies with a food safety role. I just can’t today.

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Irish agency highlights shellfish norovirus risk

Food Safety News - Fri, 03/15/2024 - 00:03

An agency in Ireland has published a notice to try to reduce the incidence of contaminated oysters in the market and minimize norovirus-related illnesses.

The Sea-Fisheries Protection Authority (SFPA) Food Safety Information Notice covers strategies to manage norovirus risks in oysters.

It coincides with the SFPA and Food Safety Authority of Ireland’s (FSAI) annual food safety workshop in late February, which focused on norovirus and food incidents.

Norovirus is transmitted through the consumption of food or water contaminated with fecal matter or through contact with infected individuals or surfaces. The virus can be present in discharges from wastewater treatment systems.

Recent illnesses reported

Bivalve mollusks such as oysters are known to accumulate and concentrate norovirus. This poses a health risk as these shellfish are often consumed raw or lightly cooked, making them a potential source of infection. There is no regulatory limit for norovirus relating to shellfish.

In March, two people in Spain and three in Finland fell sick with norovirus after eating oysters from France. Oysters from Ireland were linked to two norovirus cases in Finland. Norovirus in a seaweed salad from China sickened three people in Italy. Norovirus in oysters from the Netherlands affected two people in Belgium.

In separate incidents in February, three people were ill in France after eating oysters, and five cases were reported in Spain. Also in February, the Netherlands issued a Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) alert for rotavirus in oysters from Ireland. In March, France reported E. coli in Irish mussels.

SFPA said businesses involved in oyster production must be aware of the risk and implement appropriate management actions, especially during the high-risk winter period. These measures should be part of their food safety management system, adhering to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles.

Related advice and workshop

Guidance to help mitigate the risk of norovirus contamination in oysters has been developed by the SFPA, FSAI, the Marine Institute, and Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM).

Risk factors for shellfish-related norovirus include cold weather, low water temperatures, and high rainfall, potentially leading to sewage system overflows.

The only laboratory in Ireland currently doing norovirus testing in shellfish is the Marine Institute. Still, due to resource and scheduling issues, only a restricted number of samples can be tested. It is expected that, given demand, private commercial labs will begin to provide norovirus testing in the future. Private labs in the UK and elsewhere can provide such testing.

SFPA, FSAI, and the Marine Institute also hosted a workshop for industry in February on the requirements relating to sanitary surveys for shellfish harvesting areas and Ireland’s implementation of the related legislation.

SFPA presented data management and shellfish classification and gave an update on the sanitary survey program in Ireland. The keynote speaker was Michelle Price-Howard from the Centre for Environment, Fisheries, Aquaculture and Science (CEFAS).

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Experts evaluate methods to control Campylobacter in chicken meat

Food Safety News - Thu, 03/14/2024 - 00:05

According to scientists, no interventions precisely control Campylobacter on meat.

Several methods have been tested with mixed success. Some showed promise in reducing prevalence in specific stages of production, while others had little to no effect.

The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) document found effective Campylobacter interventions are still minimal.

The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Microbial Risk Assessment (JEMRA) previously released a report on measures to control Salmonella in poultry meat.

The final report on Campylobacter is also available in the Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA) series. Scientists reviewed data on Campylobacter control, including scientific literature published from 2008 to October 2022 and data submitted in response to a call.

JEMRA met in Rome, Italy, in February 2023 in response to a request from the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene. The objectives were identifying and assessing control measures for Campylobacter in the broiler production chain. The scope ranged from the point of chick placement into producing establishments to consumer handling.

Example methods and effectiveness
Primary production interventions discussed included biosecurity, vaccination, bacteriophages, feed and water additives, and probiotics.

Processing measures covered chemical processing aids, physical treatment such as irradiation or freezing meat, and steps such as logistic slaughter and scalding. The post-processing interventions mentioned were thorough cooking and following good hygienic practices.

Steam, ultrasonication, high-intensity light pulse, visible light, and UV-C have shown promise at laboratory or pilot scale, but their impact is unknown at commercial scale.

Experts said biosecurity measures remain the single most effective tool to reduce contamination at all primary production stages and should form the foundation of any intervention strategy.

Currently, no commercial vaccines are readily available for any stage of primary production, but several potential candidates are in the proof-of-concept phase.

Studies have found differences in the effectiveness of chemical processing aids, reporting factors such as initial contamination, amount of organic matter on the bird and carcass, and chemical application conditions responsible for variation in Campylobacter reduction levels.

Defeathering and evisceration during processing are associated with increased carcass contamination prevalence and concentration.

Good hygiene practices and appropriate training of food handlers in commercial kitchens are essential to reduce the risk of cross-contamination between raw meats and finished cooked products. Using proper sanitizing agents and washing procedures for chopping boards, surfaces, and kitchen tools can help reduce the risk of human exposure.

“Employing a combination of processing effects, including physical and/or chemical interventions, can enhance the impact of Campylobacter control measures. It is common to employ a multi-hurdle approach to reduce Campylobacter contamination in chicken processing synergistically,” said the report.

“While interventions to reduce Campylobacter in chicken processing have shown some promise, further research is needed to identify effective interventions that can be implemented on a large scale.”

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California Assembly bill would keep some chemicals out of the mouths of babes

Food Safety News - Thu, 03/14/2024 - 00:03

Assemblymember Jesse Gabriel (D-Encino) on March 12  introduced a bill to ban six harmful food dyes and titanium dioxide from food provided in California’s public schools

If enacted, California Assembly Bill 2316 would ban Red Dye No. 40, Yellow Dye No. 5, Yellow Dye No. 6, Blue Dye No. 1, Blue Dye No. 2, and Green Dye No. 3, and the food additive titanium dioxide. These chemicals have been linked to behavioral problems in children.

“California has a responsibility to protect our students from chemicals that harm children, and that can interfere with their ability to learn,” said Gabriel. “As a lawmaker, a parent, and someone who struggled with ADHD, I find it unacceptable that we allow schools to serve foods with additives that are linked to cancer, hyperactivity, and neurobehavioral harms. This bill will empower schools better to protect the health and wellbeing of our kids and encourage manufacturers to stop using these dangerous additives.”

Last year, Gabriel successfully authored, and Gov. Gavin Newsom signed into law, the California Food Safety Act, which banned potassium bromate, propylparaben, BVO, and Red Dye No. 3 from food sold, delivered, and manufactured in the state. Illinois and New York are considering similar bills for this session.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment in 2021 released a study finding that many food dyes and colorants make some children vulnerable to behavioral difficulties and decreased attention.

Other human studies have linked these dyes to inattentiveness, learning difficulties, and restlessness. Titanium dioxide has also been shown to cause DNA damage and harm to the immune system.

“Many children rely on school meals as a source of their daily nutrition and calorie intake,” said Tasha Stoiber, Ph.D., senior scientist with the Environmental Working Group. “Kids deserve wholesome foods that don’t negatively impact their ability to learn, and parents deserve the confidence that the schools they’re sending their kids to aren’t serving them food that may harm them.”

EWG and Consumer Reports endorse Assembly Bill 2316. The bill will be referred to a policy committee and receive its first hearing this spring.

Toxic chemicals
Thousands of chemicals are allowed for use in food sold in the United States. Many of the food chemicals the FDA has reviewed have not been evaluated for decades, even when new science is available. For instance:

  • Titanium dioxide, which has been linked to damage to DNA and harm to the immune system, hasn’t been assessed since 1966. In 2022, the European Union prohibited it from use in food offered for sale, but it is still allowed in food sold in the U.S.
  • Red Dye No. 40 has not been evaluated for health risks since 1971. Many studies show it may pose a risk to brain development in children, hyperactivity, and even cancer.
  • Yellow Dye No. 5 has been approved for use since 1931. The FDA affirmed its use of good manufacturing practices in 1969.
  • Yellow Dye No. 6 was approved in 1931, and the FDA reaffirmed its use in 1986.
  • Blue Dye No. 1 has been approved for use since 1931. Its use was affirmed in 1969.
  • Blue Dye No. 2 was last reviewed in 1983.
  • Green Dye No. 3 has been allowed for use since 1931 and hasn’t been reviewed since 1982.

“These dangerous dyes should not be allowed in foods sold in schools because they put kids at risk for hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral issues,” said Consumer Reports, Brian Ronholm, food policy director. “Removing these harmful dyes from school foods will protect the health and well-being of kids in California.”

According to EWG and Consumer Reports consumers consistently rank food chemical concerns ahead of other food safety issues. However, they say the FDA does not adequately regulate additives.

“The FDA continues to fail to keep us safe from harmful chemicals in our food,” said Melanie Benesh, EWG’s vice president of government affairs. “In the absence of federal leadership, states like California continue to step up to keep us safe from toxic chemicals we and our families enjoy.”

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Operations in Portugal lead to seizures of various food products

Food Safety News - Thu, 03/14/2024 - 00:01

Recent enforcement actions in Portugal have covered products, including eggs, shellfish, meat, and oils.

The Food and Economic Safety Authority’s (ASAE) central regional unit inspected egg classification and packing centers in Leiria and Ansião.

Checks revealed that eggs, already packaged and ready for consumption, did not have all the necessary identification details, violating national and European regulations.

More than 112,500 eggs were seized with an estimated value of €15,000 ($16,400), and two administrative offense proceedings were opened.

Warehouse findings and illegal operator
Previously, ASAE’s southern unit removed 70 tons of food from cold storage warehouses worth about €250,000 ($273,500). Several inspections were carried out in December 2023 but work was only completed in February because of the high quantity of products found.

Three administrative offense proceedings were initiated because of the lack of licensing to carry out temperature-controlled storage for food products of animal origin and the lack of a Veterinary Control Number (NCV).

Three establishments in Silves, Portimão, and Lagoa/Parchal were suspended, and about 5 tons of food of animal origin, such as meat products, frozen fish, and dairy products, were seized.

One criminal case investigation was opened after officials searched a site in Loures and found 65 tons of foodstuffs, including frozen fish, shrimp, and octopus. Some products appeared to have been stored in poor storage conditions for at least five years with a lack of hygiene.

In February, almost 11 tons of food were discovered in an illegal establishment in Tondela.

Officers found that selling food products, such as fish, meat, and cheese, took place without the location having a veterinary control number. Operations involving products of animal origin that require temperature control were suspended. About 800 kilograms of products were found to be going moldy or had exceeded their expiration date.

Oil and mollusk checks
In January, nearly 30,000 liters of aguardente vínica,
a distilled wine spirit, were seized.

ASAE’s southern unit and specialized wine product officers assessed the preparation, distribution, and marketing of aguardente vínica. A product worth more than €33,000 ($36,100) was taken from one operator, and a criminal case was filed.

Also, 50,000 liters of cooking oil were confiscated in January for misleading consumers in Operation Oleum. ASAE was part of a team that carried out several checks on retailers, stockers, and packers in the olive oil sector in several regions.

One inspection at a supplier and packer led to the seizure of 1,145 liters of cooking oil due to the lack of food labeling, and operations were suspended because of hygiene issues. In another case, almost 50,000 liters of cooking oil and 203,000 labels were uncovered, which misled the consumer regarding the product’s characteristics.

In another operation, ASAE’s southern unit blocked 4.5 tons of bivalve mollusks from the market in Palmela with a value of €23,000 ($25,100).

Officers found one operator was receiving bivalve mollusks from local shellfish harvesters without having the necessary license. Seafood was transported in vehicles without any accompanying registration or traceability documentation.

In a case involving stolen products, officials recovered 13 tons of olives valued at more than €16,000 ($17,500) at a site in Mourão. Olives came from several thefts throughout the Alentejo region. A criminal case was opened, and various documents were seized.

Finally, ASAE seized 6.6 tons of meat as part of the fight against clandestine slaughter in Loures, Mafra, and Lisbon.

Several search warrants were carried out in shops and domestic sites. Most meat products were goat carcasses worth about €58,000 ($63,500). Nearly €11,500 ($12,600) in cash was found, suspected of coming from the illicit activity. Two people were placed under investigation.

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Taylor Farms Pacific Recalls Kroger Brand Ready-To-Eat Apple Walnut With Chicken Salad Bowl Products Due to Misbranding and Undeclared Allergen

Food Product Recall - Wed, 03/13/2024 - 08:00
WASHINGTON, March 13, 2024 – Taylor Farms Pacific, a Tracy, Calif. establishment, is recalling approximately 19,976 pounds of ready-to-eat (RTE) apple walnut with chicken salad bowl products due to misbranding...

USDA offers to close ‘Product of USA’ loophole, but not until 2026

Food Safety News - Wed, 03/13/2024 - 00:05

Making an election-year promise that does not have to become a reality until well after the voting isn’t new.  Since Congress surrendered Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling in a trade war with Canada and Mexico, American consumers have wanted a reliable replacement.

Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack has promised a new system, but it won’t exist for a couple more years. He rolled it out as a new rule on March 11 for labeling meat, poultry, and egg products that, if born, raised, slaughtered, and processed in the U.S., may be labeled as a “Product of the USA.”

Since Congress’s 2015 repeal of Country-of-Origin Labeling (COOL), the meat industry has deceptively been allowed to label imported meat repackaged in the U.S. as a “Product of USA.”

“This final rule will ensure that when consumers see ‘Product of USA, ’ they can trust the label’s authenticity and know that every step involved, from birth to processing, was done here in America,” Vilsack said.

 “Product of USA” or “Made in the USA” labeling will continue to be voluntary under the new rule. 

Without pre-approval by the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service, generic label approval will be required. Also, it continues to be available with the requirement that the establishment maintain documentation on file to support the claim. 

The final rule is being published in the Federal Register.

The promises to come, however, will not be implemented by USDA until Jan. 1, 2026, long after the 2024 general election.

The new system promises to plug the loophole that allowed the meat industry to fool consumers, but it will remain voluntary.

Vilsack said implementation won’t occur for almost two years, so food companies already labeled products won’t suffer economic harm in the transition.

One agriculture expert said the lengthy implementation period raises the possibility that groups opposed to the rule may try to stop it before it starts.

The National Farmers Union, the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, the U.S. Cattlemen’s Association, the North American Meat Institute(NAMI), and the Organization for Competitive Markets supported the new rule.

“USDA made some commonsense changes to address some of our concerns, NAMI’s statement said. “We appreciate the adherence to the uniform compliance date for implementation and will continue to support our members in complying with labeling regulations.”

Competitive Markets Action President Marty Irby said, “The Biden administration finally got something right.”

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Review finds seasonal impact of chocolate-related Salmonella outbreaks

Food Safety News - Wed, 03/13/2024 - 00:03

Researchers have looked into the number of and factors behind Salmonella outbreaks linked to chocolate products in recent decades.

No predominant Salmonella serotype was identified, according to the Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal study.

Researchers performed a systematic review of three databases. Eligible articles were published after 1970, describing outbreaks of more than ten patients with non-typhoidal salmonellosis associated with consuming chocolate food.

Twenty-three articles published between 1972 and 2022 were part of the final analysis. They described 12 Salmonella outbreaks linked to chocolate consumption. 

Examples of outbreaks
A dozen outbreaks involved 3,266 patients. Two occurred in the 1970s, three in the 1980s, one in the 1990s, three from 2000 to 2009, and three afterward. Six outbreaks peaked in winter, three in autumn, two in spring, and one in summer.

Six outbreaks involved one country, and five involved two or more countries. On three occasions, the outbreak spread across two continents.

In 2022, a large outbreak of monophasic Salmonella typhimurium linked to chocolate products from a Ferrero factory in Belgium affected more than 450 patients in 16 countries.

From 2018 to 2019, 85 people fell sick in Canada with Salmonella Enteritidis in chocolate French pastries. Also, in 2018, Salmonella Thompson affected 1,111 people who ate chocolate cake in South Korea.

The number of cases in each outbreak ranged from 29 to 1,111. For studies where the median age was provided, it ranged from 3 to 15 years old. The hospitalization rate varied between 3 percent and 41 percent.

Seasonal impact
Chocolate is an optimal medium for the spread of Salmonella. This is because the low water content and high-fat level increase the thermal resistance of the pathogen. Higher temperatures during chocolate production, despite eliminating Salmonella, would worsen its taste, plus Salmonella may persist for more than one year in chocolate, said researchers.

Salmonellosis outbreaks typically occur during warmer months. However, most outbreaks associated with chocolate were in the cold season. Researchers said popular seasonal products such as chocolate Santa Clauses and Easter bunnies might be the reason for this finding.

Potential explanations for children being mainly affected include being more susceptible to intestinal infections, person-to-person transmission being more common due to behaviors that increase germ exposure, and chocolate’s appeal to this group.   

All reported outbreaks were in high-income countries.

“This finding may be related, on the one hand, to the large availability of industrially produced food and, on the other hand, to the presence of effective outbreak detection and control networks in these countries. It is also conceivable that outbreaks detected in middle-income and low-income countries have not been reported. A connected worldwide reporting system including high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries is crucial to detect infectious disease outbreaks in an early phase and avoid their spread,” said scientists.

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Iceland and Norway continue work to address audit findings

Food Safety News - Wed, 03/13/2024 - 00:01

According to the EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA), animal by-product controls need to improve in Iceland. At the same time, Norway continues to work on a range of audit recommendations, according to the EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA).

Iceland and Norway are part of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) monitors how both countries implement European Economic Area (EEA) rules on food and feed safety, animal health, and welfare.

Findings come from updated country profiles, evaluating performance in the food and veterinary area.

Animal by-products problem
ESA’s assessment showed that Iceland made improvements in several areas, but shortcomings in the controls of animal by-products remain unaddressed. 

Following a general review audit, the ESA published Iceland’s country profile in April 2023. This covered 11 audits between January 2018 and September 2022.

Based on information provided by Iceland, the ESA has since closed five additional recommendations. Iceland has addressed 56 out of 91 recommendations covered by the 2023 general review audit, including all of them on the safety of bivalve mollusks. However, the country has failed to tackle nine points related to animal by-products. Action is still required for five, and in four cases, appropriate measures have not been taken.

Examples with no action taken include a recommendation for Iceland to ensure practical cooperation between competent authorities and another checking that all types of ABP plants are registered or approved in line with the regulations.

Steps are in progress for another 26 recommendations in areas such as food of animal origin and foodstuffs, food hygiene, imports of food of plant origin, and pesticides.

Norwegian outlook
General review audits are undertaken every three to four years to verify that corrective actions have been started to address any recommendations.

For Norway, progress has been made on official food- and veterinary-related controls.

ESA prepared Norway’s country profile in April 2023 after a general review audit. This covered nine audits between April 2018 and November 2022.

The update shows that ESA has closed 17 other recommendations since June 2023. Norway has addressed 37 of 53 points in the latest general review audit.

Sixteen suggestions have measures in progress in areas including animal welfare and food of animal origin.

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La Fiesta recalls cinnamon because of lead contamination

Food Safety News - Tue, 03/12/2024 - 18:55

La Fiesta Food Products of La Mirada, CA, is recalling Cinnamon Ground .87oz because it has the potential to be contaminated with lead.

The affected product was distributed in California as well as Arizona, Washington and Texas through distributors to retail stores from April 20, 2023, through May 3, 2023. It has a long shelf life so consumers are urged to check their homes for the product.

The impacted Cinnamon Ground products are identified below:
La Fiesta Brand Cinnamon Ground .87oz UPC#032327000449

La Fiesta Food Products became aware of the issue after the Food and  Drug Administration collected samples of the product and lab analysis revealed elevated concentrations of lead.

Consumers who have purchased this product are advised to dispose of it or return to place of purchase for refund. Anyone concerned about an injury or illness should contact a healthcare provider. Consumers with questions can contact 408-326-0487 or qualityassurance@lffp.com.

About lead poisoning
Short term exposures to very low levels of lead may not elicit any symptoms. It is possible that increased blood lead levels may be the only apparent sign of lead exposure. Additional signs and symptoms of lead exposure are more likely with acute exposure to higher levels of lead or chronic exposure to lead. While lead can affect nearly every bodily system, its effects depend upon the amount and duration of lead exposure and age/ body weight. 

If a child is exposed to enough lead for a protracted period of time (e.g., weeks to months) permanent damage to the central nervous system may occur. This can result in learning disorders, developmental defects, and other long-term health problems. For adults, chronic lead exposure is associated with kidney dysfunction, hypertension, and neurocognitive effects.

Exposure to large amounts of lead can cause lead poisoning. While lead can affect nearly every bodily system, its effects depend upon the amount of and duration of lead exposure and age of the person exposed.

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FDA asks for $702 billion for the coming year

Food Safety News - Tue, 03/12/2024 - 00:06

The Food and Drug Administration is requesting 7.4 percent more for certain aspects of its budget for fiscal year 2025 than it received for the current year, which began on Oct. 1, 2023, and runs through Sept. 30 this year.

The FDA’s request is less than 1 percent of President Biden’s proposed $7.3 trillion budget announced Monday. The FDA requests an increase of $495 million above its current funding level. The requested amount is generally less than the allocated amount.

“The FDA’s request reflects the agency’s top priorities in key areas of importance for human and animal health,” according to a Monday statement from the agency.

“This funding will allow the agency to enhance food safety and nutrition, advance medical product safety, help support supply chain resiliency, strengthen the agency’s public health and mission-support capacity, and modernize the FDA’s infrastructure and facilities.”

A small part of the FDA’s $702 billion request would go toward food safety. The vast majority of the FDA’s budget goes to the operations on the drug side of the agency.

In a $15 million slice of the FDA’s request pie, specific food safety efforts include modernizing the ability to prevent or manage foodborne illness outbreaks by investing in tools and processes to strengthen root-cause investigations. That aligns with some of the goals set by Jim Jones, the first-ever Deputy Commissioner for Human Food Programs. Also earmarked out of the same $15 million slice of the agency’s wish pie would be working on the public health burden of diet-related chronic diseases.

For a $12.3 million portion of its request, the FDA says it will improve supply chain disruptions and support supply chain resiliency. 

“Through an agency-wide crosscutting initiative, the FDA will advance its capabilities to help prepare for, build resilience to, and respond to shortages through improved analytics and regulatory approaches. Amongst other initiatives, the agency will hire additional investigators to fulfill inspectional needs associated with increased supply-chain disruptions and consequent human food and medical product shortages in recent years.”

On the food side of the agency, supply chain issues were brought to the forefront in 2022 when an infant formula production plant had to be closed because of an outbreak of cronobacter infections linked to it. Multiple products and locations in the plant were found to be contaminated, though none of the positive tests precisely matched the outbreak strain.

The plant’s closure resulted in parents having to drive for hours to find infant formula because shelves were left bare of products.

A former employee of the implicated plant reported that some products had tested positive for contaminants. Still, the FDA mailroom misdirected that report, and it did not come to light until months after it was received.

The FDA’s budget proposal says it wants to provide new authority to help ensure the safety of foods, including infant formula, medical foods, and foods marketed for infants and young children. Part of that authority would include setting binding contaminant limits by administrative order, requirements for contaminant testing of final products, more frequent environmental monitoring for pathogens in certain facilities, and mandatory reporting when certain products test positive for pathogens. 

A $1 million portion of FDA’s request would expand foreign offices and strengthen imported product oversight. The funding would expand agency resources to facilitate timely inspections of foreign facilities in specific countries. Additional deployed personnel would also improve oversight of imported products, according to the agency’s budget request. 

Problems with inspections related to imported food came to light in the fall of 2023 when it was discovered that cinnamon applesauce marketed for children in the United States and imported from Ecuador was contaminated with lead. It was found that the cinnamon had more than 2,000 times the levels of lead considered safe.

Traceback’s efforts discovered that a third-party supplier in another country sold the contaminated cinnamon to the Ecuadoran applesauce manufacturer. Questions have been raised about the FDA’s authority to inspect foreign food supplier operations and also the agency’s ability to test foods at the border. Some FDA records have shown that testing samples of all food imports is impossible because of limited staffing and laboratory capacity.

A $43.6 million portion of the FDA’s request would go toward ensuring the optimal functioning of the FDA’s offices and labs. The money would allow the FDA personnel at facilities across the country to carry out its mission, including evaluating food safety and medical products, continuing to expand laboratory operations, and supporting inspections at points of entry to reduce the flow of adulterated and illicit imported products and respond to emergencies.

Part of a $2 million slice of the FDA request pie would increase support of agency modernization activities. Although the agency did not specify how much, if any, of the $2 million would go toward the food side of its operations, modernization has been a priority of food administrators in recent years.

The agency did say that the targeted investments would be used to improve the efficiency of its operations by centralizing planning, implementation, and governance of high-priority business process improvement efforts. In creating the Deputy Commissioner for Human Food Programs post, FDA Commissioner Robert Califf said streaming operations and simplifying the chain of command was a goal.

The agency’s budget request states that modernization efforts would include the continuation of the critical inspections platform implementation and expansion efforts to implement common business processes and data optimization across the agency. The budget also proposes a new two-year spending authority to support such investments.

$114.8 million of the proposed budget would support the FDA’s “public health employee workforce,” though the agency did not specify how much money would go toward food operations. The funding would help the FDA cover estimated inflationary pay costs and cost-of-living adjustments to “minimize reductions to hiring capabilities and maintain the agency’s highly qualified, specialized staff crucial to carrying out its public health mission.”

$8.3 million is requested to modernize data infrastructure to support agency operations. The money would allow the agency to continue building the FDA’s centralized data-modernization capabilities and strengthen its common data infrastructure. Still, again, the agency statement did not indicate how much of this portion of its budget request would go to food programs. The budget request proposes a new two-year spending authority to support these investments.

In addition to the specific spending areas mentioned above, the FDA’s proposed budget includes money to fund a “package of legislative proposals designed to support better agency efforts to protect American consumers and patients.” Those proposals deal with:

  • additional oversight tools, such as expanding authorities for information-sharing with states, broadening authority to request records or other information in advance of or instead of inspections of all FDA-regulated commodities, and requiring importers to destroy products that present a significant public health concern,
  • various medical devices and food;
  • regulations for animal food;
  • timely competition for new drugs;
  • meeting tobacco program public health mandates;
  • additional authorities to increase oversight of dietary supplements and
  • modernizing the tobacco user fee framework.

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Bill for direct sales of raw milk hasn’t yet gone anywhere in Colorado

Food Safety News - Tue, 03/12/2024 - 00:04

Every so often, somebody tries to make a partisan issue about raw milk. That happened again when Colorado was supposed to be “poised to defy this growing partisan divide” with a bill to allow direct sales to consumers.

The problem with SB24-043 is that the bill has gone precisely nowhere in the Colorado Legislature in the first two months of the current session. There are no hearings, no testimony, and no movement off the dime for the bill allowing the sale of raw milk directly to consumers from registered dairy farmers who follow certain new rules around labeling, storage, and transportation.

Iowa, a state dominated by Republicans, passed a similar bill last year. Colorado, where the Legislature is in the hands of Democrats, is a different kind of test for raw milk advocates.

SB24-043 is sponsored by Democrat Sen. Dylan Roberts, elected from the 8th District in 2022. Also on the bill are the Democratic House Speaker Julie McCluskie and Republican Sen. Byron Felton of the 1st District.

Prospects for SB24-043 seemed good when the session began because of Gov. Jared Polis, Colorado’s second-term Democrat.

Last summer, Sen. Roberts and others noticed Polis’s statements on the record about his support for liberalizing raw milk law.

Those comments did not surprise anyone who has followed Jared Polis’s career. During his five terms in Congress, Polis was an active member of the bipartisan “Food Freedom” caucus led by Rep. Thomas Massie, R-KY.

Since being elected to Congress in 2012, Massie has forced Congressional votes on “Food Freedom” measures involving raw milk and custom slaughter.

Polis was an enthusiastic recruit to those causes, even hosting Massie in Denver for a “forbidden food” tour.

Roberts introduced SB24-043 because dairy farmers in his district say raw milk sales would be an economic boost. He remains hopeful that his bill will emerge by the end of April when the Colorado Legislature adjourns.

Roberts says nothing in his bill will impact anyone who does not drink raw milk. When not serving in the State Capitol, Roberts is an attorney.

Under current law in Colorado,  the sale of raw, unpasteurized milk is prohibited. SB24-043 would legalize the sale of raw cow or goat milk when it is sold directly to consumers at the point of production, the consumer’s residence, or at a farmer’s market or roadside market.

Raw milk sales require a producer to be registered with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) and meet specific handling and labeling requirements. CDPHE, like other public health agencies, has long warned consumers about the dangers of raw milk. There is a federal law making it illegal to sell unpasteurized, raw milk across state lines.

Under the bill, The Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) may establish handling, storage, labeling, and transportation requirements to sell raw milk by rule in consultation with CDPHE. 

CDA may also investigate raw milk producers and apply a civil penalty to or seek civil court action against a producer violating the program’s requirements.

The Colorado Legislature convened on Jan. 10 and will adjourn by May 8.

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Scientists discuss ways to control foodborne viruses

Food Safety News - Tue, 03/12/2024 - 00:03

Experts have assessed prevention and intervention methods to tackle foodborne viruses in different products.

In February, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA) on viruses in foods took place in Geneva, Switzerland, after a related request by the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene in 2022. The committee is meeting in Kenya this week.

The event focused on prevention and intervention measures. The findings have been summarized, and the full report will be available later.

The first part of the meeting in September 2023 in Rome, Italy, covered food attribution, analytical methods, and indicators. The virus-commodity combinations of highest priority were human norovirus and hepatitis A virus in shellfish, fresh and frozen produce, prepared and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, and hepatitis E virus in pork and wild game.

At the second meeting, experts reviewed the scientific literature published since the 2008 JEMRA report on foodborne viruses and control measures to protect the supply chain from contamination.

Since the 2008 report, awareness of the public health importance of these virus-commodity combinations has increased, resulting in changes to some food supply chain management strategies, said scientists.

Shellfish and produce
Human fecal matter and vomit from infected individuals are the primary sources of contamination for norovirus and hepatitis A. The main contamination routes are fecally-impacted waters, food handlers carrying viruses, and surfaces. Microscopic amounts of the contaminants are enough to cause illnesses in humans. The zoonotic hepatitis E virus is in the meat, organ tissues, and excretions of infected swine and some game animals.

Experts say that prevention remains vital to control foodborne viruses because they are environmentally persistent and resistant to many treatments commonly used to inactivate pathogens.

For shellfish, sanitary surveys are increasingly used to evaluate human fecal pollution status in growing areas and can determine conditions in which harvesting can occur safely. Using more effective wastewater treatment can reduce viral loads in effluent but requires infrastructure investment. Climate change is expected to result in heavier rainfall in some locations, which may increase the likelihood of sewage overflows or runoff. Contaminated products are discarded or diverted to processing such as depuration or heat treatment.

Fresh and frozen produce are usually contaminated pre-harvest by sewage sludge, human fecally-impacted source waters, and infected food handlers. Frozen produce, especially berries, dominate outbreaks, aided by the fact that freezing preserves virus infectivity and results in globally distributed products with a long shelf-life. Production-related interventions should focus on the water source, location, method, and application timing. According to experts, Emerging water treatments, such as ozone, ultraviolet, and ultrafiltration, show potential but require infrastructure investment.

RTE food and pork meat
Prepared and infected food handlers usually contaminate RTE foods. Prevention focuses on the exclusion of infected workers, surface disinfection, and attention to personal hygiene, including handwashing. Policies exist, and handwashing is promoted, but compliance is often poor.

Hepatitis E exposure can occur by consuming raw or inadequately cooked meats and direct contact with infected animals on farms or slaughterhouses. Studies suggest control measures should focus on preventing animal infection at the pre-harvest phase via biosecurity measures and disinfection and post-harvest interventions like preventing cross-contamination and virus inactivation by heat.

Experts said one issue was the limited ability to routinely cultivate wild-type foodborne viruses in the lab, which complicates the chance to validate interventions, compare studies, and interpret monitoring data.

They added that early identification of contamination hotspots may be a useful control tool, the usefulness of indicator organisms in predicting virus occurrence and infectivity could be better understood, and novel interventions should be validated using the relevant viruses before wide application in real-world situations.

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Belgium joins Dutch Salmonella poultry testing project

Food Safety News - Tue, 03/12/2024 - 00:01

Belgium has joined a pilot project looking at the accuracy of Salmonella testing in poultry flocks.

The Netherlands received permission from the European Commission to study to what extent initial positive Salmonella results can be confirmed during verification testing.

Belgium is adopting the protocol from the trial in the Netherlands to achieve comparable results, said Animal Health Care Flanders (DGZ).

Since the beginning of 2020, a confirmation test may no longer be carried out in European countries such as Belgium because of a stricter interpretation of the regulations. Previously, this could be requested when a flock tested positive for one of the target serotypes in laying or breeding poultry. A confirmatory test can now only be done where the positive result of the control sample is considered unreliable.

Past verification testing regularly found no Salmonella during additional sampling. The Dutch study is trying to see if the initial results could be false positives and if the second test findings are reliable. The aim is to obtain more certainty about the presence or absence of Salmonella.

Conditions for taking part
The poultry sector has called for the reintroduction of verification testing because of the major impact a positive finding and related control measures can have.

In the Netherlands, poultry farmers who find specific types of Salmonella and have not given antibiotics to the affected flock can participate in the project under certain conditions. Additional samples will be taken and tested; if they are negative, the suspicion of Salmonella will be lifted. If they are positive, standard procedures will apply.

If the farmer chooses to participate, an NVWA inspector will visit the site to take samples from the suspected area and all other houses at the company. The first sampling occurs immediately after the report, and the second sampling occurs 14 days later. Samples are examined for Salmonella by Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR).

In Belgium, if a selected type of Salmonella is found on a farm, a local control unit of the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC) will inform the poultry farmer about the project and conditions for participation.

After agreeing to participate in the first investigation, an officer from DGZ will sample all stables at the location, which will be repeated two weeks later. The subsequent sampling is carried out by the company veterinarian, who sends samples to the DGZ laboratory.

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Breakfast burritos recalled in Washington after testing finds Listeria

Food Safety News - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 06:35

Jen’s Breakfast Burritos, LLC, of Auburn, WA is recalling approximately 144 pounds of ready-to-eat (RTE) breakfast burrito products that may be adulterated with Listeria monocytogenes, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA FSIS).

The problem was discovered after FSIS performed routine product testing and the results indicated the product may be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes.

FSIS is concerned that some product may be in consumers’ refrigerators or freezers.

The RTE breakfast burrito items were produced on Feb. 29, 2024. 

Recalled products:

  • 7-oz. individual wax paper packages containing “Smoked Bacon Breakfast Burrito” with lot code 060-1 on a sticker on the back of the package.
  • 7-oz. individual wax paper packages containing “Ham Breakfast Burrito” with lot code 060-2 on a sticker on the back of the package.
  • 7-oz. individual wax paper packages containing “Seasoned Pork Breakfast Burrito” with lot code 060-3 on a sticker on the back of the package.

The products subject to recall bear establishment number “EST. 1826” inside the USDA mark of inspection. These items were shipped to “to-go” kiosk locations in Washington. Product labels can be viewed here.

As of the posting of this recall, there have been no confirmed reports of adverse reactions due to consumption of these products. Anyone concerned about an illness should contact a healthcare provider.

Consumers who have purchased these products are urged not to consume them. These products should be thrown away or returned to the place of purchase.

About Listeria infections
Food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes may not look or smell spoiled but can still cause severe and sometimes life-threatening infections. Anyone who has eaten any recalled product and developed symptoms of Listeria infection should seek medical treatment and tell their doctors about possible Listeria exposure.

Also, anyone who has eaten recalled products should monitor themselves for symptoms during the coming weeks because it can take up to 70 days after exposure to Listeria for symptoms of listeriosis to develop. 

Symptoms of Listeria infection can include vomiting, nausea, persistent fever, muscle aches, severe headache, and neck stiffness. Specific laboratory tests are required to diagnose Listeria infections, which can mimic other illnesses. 

Pregnant women, the elderly, young children, and people such as cancer patients who have weakened immune systems are particularly at risk of serious illnesses, life-threatening infections, and other complications. Although infected pregnant women may experience only mild, flu-like symptoms, their infections can lead to premature delivery, infection of the newborn, or even stillbirth.

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WHO to create Alliance for Food Safety

Food Safety News - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 00:05

The World Health Organization (WHO) is to create a network to help countries with surveillance of foodborne diseases.

The first meeting of the WHO Alliance for Food Safety is scheduled in Geneva, Switzerland, in May with support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Disease (DFWED).

The WHO Global Strategy for Food Safety 2022 to 2030 was adopted at the World Health Assembly in May 2022. Countries committed to advance food safety through five priorities and adopted targets to guide action and track progress toward reducing foodborne infections.

For one of the indicators — Multisectoral collaboration mechanism for food safety events — the International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN) will be the platform to build capacity and ensure reporting. INFOSAN was created in 2004 and has more than 800 members in 187 nations.

However, for the indicator called ‘Surveillance of foodborne diseases and contamination” there is no similar structure to align efforts and support countries. This indicator uses the International Health Regulations Joint External Evaluation tool. As of 2022, the score stood at 1.5 and the aim by 2030 is a global average capacity score of 3.5.

Help from collaborating centers network
WHO looked at reactivating the Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN) as well as tapping into its network of collaborating centers. These are institutions such as research institutes, parts of universities or academies, which are designated to carry out activities in support of WHO programs. 

Between 2000 and 2015, GFN served as a capacity-building network of institutions and individuals working in veterinary, food and public health trying to enhance the capacity of countries to detect, control and prevent foodborne and other enteric infections. GFN promoted integrated, laboratory-based surveillance and outbreak detection and response, and helped collaboration and communication among microbiologists and epidemiologists in human health, veterinary, and food-related disciplines.

More than 20 collaborating centers were identified as having terms of reference related to areas of the food safety strategy. An analysis of work plans revealed it was necessary to better align their capacity building activities with the targets of the WHO Global Strategy for Food Safety. Examples of such centers are the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Singapore Food Agency, Institut Pasteur, and Technical University of Denmark.

WHO and DFWED are holding the meeting to create the food safety alliance including setting terms of reference and identifying its value in foodborne disease surveillance. The aim is to include WHO Collaborating Centers and other institutions to support the implementation of the strategy in the area of foodborne disease surveillance.

The WHO Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG) is also in the process of updating estimates of the global, regional, and national burden of foodborne diseases by 2025. The first figures were published in 2015.

World Food Safety Day theme
Meanwhile, the theme for this year’s World Food Safety Day has been revealed as: “Food safety — prepare for the unexpected.”

The campaign will explore unexpected food safety incidents, which can range from a power cut at home to an international food safety alert or outbreak, and how people can better prepare for such events to ensure access to safe food.

The sixth World Food Safety Day will take place on June 7. This year also marks the 20th anniversary of INFOSAN.

Corinna Hawkes, FAO’s director of the agrifood systems and food safety division, and Francesco Branca, WHO’s director of the department of nutrition and food safety, said unexpected food safety incidents can range from mild events to major crises but there is always something that can be done to keep food safe.

“Anticipating the kinds of events that might occur, whether it be a natural disaster like flooding, or a volcano eruption or a power outage can ensure the risk to food safety is minimized. And at home, consumers’ food safety knowledge can avert problems in unexpected situations,” she said.

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FDA warns juice company in California about various regulatory violations

Food Safety News - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 00:03

As part of its enforcement activities, the Food and Drug Administration sends warning letters to entities under its jurisdiction. Some letters are not posted for public view until weeks or months after they are sent. Business owners have 15 days to respond to FDA warning letters. Warning letters often are not issued until a company has been given months to years to correct problems.

Barsotti Juice Company Inc.
Camino, CA

The FDA has warned a juice processing company in California about serious violations of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point regulation, and the Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food regulation.

In a Jan. 30 warning letter, the FDA described Nov. 20-21 and Dec. 1, 2023, inspections of Barsotti Juice Company, Inc.’s processing facility in Camino, CA.

The FDA’s inspection revealed that the firm was not in compliance with federal regulations, which resulted in the issuance of an FDA Form 483. Some of the significant violations are as follows:

1. The firm’s HACCP plan does not include control measures that will consistently produce a 5-log reduction in the most resistant microorganism of public health significance that is likely to occur in the juice, for a period at least as long as the shelf life of the product, as required.

Specifically, their HACCP / HARPC Plan Q2-2023 dated 25 April 2023 lists the following Critical Limits identified at the Pasteurization Critical Control Point (CCP) (redacted) limit). The firm has defined Organic Carrot Juice as a Category III product with a (redacted). The (redacted) is not sufficient to inactivate the spores of Clostridium botulinum in carrot juice.

The firm provided an FDA investigator with a challenge study entitled “(redacted)” to support their critical limit and biological hazards identified for the Pasteurization CCP during the current inspection. The firm’s written response included a justification which explained that “the current thermal processing eliminates all vegetative cells effectively.” Further, it explained “In the event of temperature abuse the growth of aerobic organism competitively prevents C. botulinum spore germination and growth, if present, and other undesirable biochemical changes cause the quality of the Carrot juice to degrade rapidly before the expiration date making the product undrinkable.”

FDA reviewed their challenge study and written response and find them inadequate. The critical limits specified at the Pasteurization CCP (redacted) is insufficient in ensuring control over any types of strains of C. botulinum, posing a serious risk to consumers due to the potential for spore growth and toxin production. (Redacted) for at least (redacted).

The firm’s challenge study does not provide scientific rationale and sufficient data to demonstrate that C. botulinum is not a hazard in their carrot juice. Historical outbreak data demonstrates that C. botulinum is the pertinent microorganism in refrigerated carrot juice. Furthermore, the study does not support the shelf-life of the product which is defined as 28 days.

2. The firm’s HACCP plan does not list the critical control points for each of the identified food hazards that is reasonably likely to occur as required.

Specifically, their HACCP / HARPC Plan Q2-2023 dated 25 April 2023 for fresh, refrigerated Organic Carrot Juice does not identify CCPs at labeling for maintaining product refrigeration, and of finished product refrigerated storage, to control the hazard of Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin formation in Organic Carrot Juice.

As part of their written response, they provided a revised HACCP/HARPC Plan Q4-2023 for Processed Organic Carrot Juice which identifies Pasteurized Storage Tanks, Finished Food Storage and Labeling steps as critical control points for “biological.” The biological hazard is not defined to identify the pertinent microorganism of C. botulinum.

Further, the current Juice HACCP Hazards and Controls Guidance, First Edition, states control measures for Low-acid juices, such as carrot juice “are likely to involve multiple measures, e.g., a combination of a process step to destroy the non-proteolytic spores and measures to ensure that “Keep Refrigerated” labeling is used for the juice if the juice does not receive a treatment sufficient to destroy the proteolytic spores. As explained above, their pasteurization process is insufficient to destroy the non-proteolytic spores; therefore, these additional control measures alone do not adequately control the C. botulinum hazard.

The full warning letter can be viewed here.

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